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A lung diffusion function detection system is designed. Firstly, the controllable collection of air, test gas source and calibration gas source was based on single-breath method measurement principle. Secondly, pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DlCO) was calculated by gas concentration measured by the non-dispersive infrared sensor to measure, the gas flow measured by the differential pressure sensor, and the temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure sensors to test and evaluate the quantitative detection and evaluation of lung diffusion function. Moreover, a preliminary verification of the lung diffusion function detection system was implemented, and the results showed that the error of the lung carbon monoxide diffusion and the alveolar volume did not exceed 5%. Therefore, the system has high accuracy and is of great value for early screening and accurate assessment of COPD.
Subject(s)
Carbon Monoxide , Lung , Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity/methodsABSTRACT
Objective:To study the possible effect of soft tissue displacement in the surgical design of primary unilateral cleft lip repair.Methods:Charts of 52 unilateral cleft lip patients who got repaired from January 2014 to December 2015 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The nasolabial region measurements of these 52 cases during the lip surgery were especially collected. The distance between the key points in the upper nasolabial region were directly measured with a ruler and/or caliper. The cleft lips were repaired by rotation-advancement technique. The soft tissue along the cleft edge was sufficiently released, and the muscles were reconstructed.Results:Except the lip height and the distance between crista philtral point and subalar base on the noncleft side, most measurements between the key points on both sides got significant increase postoperatively ( P<0.05). The symmetrical ratio of the preoperative measurements on upper labial region were closing to 1 departing from the cleft region. The symmetrical ratio improved significantly postoperatively ( P<0.01). Conclusions:During the primary unilateral cleft lip surgery, the changes of the distances between the key points of upper nasaolabial region would not always follow the geometry. They are also affected by other factors, like the interaction between each layer and the elasticity of soft tissue, which should be considered and employed during the surgical design.
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Objective@#The metabolites produced by the gut microbiota are of interest to scientists. The objective of this review was to provide an updated summary of progress regarding the microbiota and their metabolites and influences on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).@*Data sources@#The author retrieved information from the PubMed database up to January 2018, using various combinations of search terms, including IBD, microbiota, and metabolite.@*Study selection@#Both clinical studies and animal studies of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in IBD were selected. The information explaining the possible pathogenesis of microbiota in IBD was organized.@*Results@#In IBD patients, the biodiversity of feces/mucosa-associated microbiota is decreased, and the probiotic microbiota is also decreased, whereas the pathogenic microbiota are increased. The gut microbiota may be a target for diagnosis and treatment of IBD. Substantial amounts of data support the view that the microbiota and their metabolites play pivotal roles in IBD by affecting intestinal permeability and the immune response.@*Conclusions@#This review highlights the advances in recent gut microbiota research and clarifies the importance of the gut microbiota in IBD pathogenesis. Future research is needed to study the function of altered bacterial community compositions and the roles of metabolites.
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OBJECTIVE@#The metabolites produced by the gut microbiota are of interest to scientists. The objective of this review was to provide an updated summary of progress regarding the microbiota and their metabolites and influences on the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).@*DATA SOURCES@#The author retrieved information from the PubMed database up to January 2018, using various combinations of search terms, including IBD, microbiota, and metabolite.@*STUDY SELECTION@#Both clinical studies and animal studies of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in IBD were selected. The information explaining the possible pathogenesis of microbiota in IBD was organized.@*RESULTS@#In IBD patients, the biodiversity of feces/mucosa-associated microbiota is decreased, and the probiotic microbiota is also decreased, whereas the pathogenic microbiota are increased. The gut microbiota may be a target for diagnosis and treatment of IBD. Substantial amounts of data support the view that the microbiota and their metabolites play pivotal roles in IBD by affecting intestinal permeability and the immune response.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This review highlights the advances in recent gut microbiota research and clarifies the importance of the gut microbiota in IBD pathogenesis. Future research is needed to study the function of altered bacterial community compositions and the roles of metabolites.
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Objective To investigate the characteristics of the microbiota of colonic lavage fluid from patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS).Methods From August 2014 to March 2015,at the Department of Gastroenterology Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital,39 patients with D-IBS were enrolled and during the same period 39 patients with self-reported symptoms such as occasional abdominal discomfort or abdominal pain but were excluded from the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were selected as control group.The colonic mucosal tissues and colonic lavage fluid of two groups of patients were collected.DNA was extracted from tissues and colonic fluid.Ten dominant bacteria,including Bacteriodes prevotella,Bacteroidetes,Clostridium,Bifidobacterium,Dialister pneumosintes,Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Firmicutes,Lactobacillus and Salmonella,were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reacticn (RT-PCR).T test and Spearman correlation analysis were performed for statistical analysis.Results The numbers of Bacteriodes prevotella in colonic lavage fluid and the descending colon mucosal tissues of patients in D-IBS group were 3.096 ± 1.462 and 4.278 ± 0.290,respectively,which were lower than those of control group (4.842 ± 1.032 and 5.341 ± 0.433,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant (t =6.093 and 12.657,both P ＜ 0.01).Correspondingly,the numbers of Bacteroidetes were 3.259 ± 0.607 and 3.698 ± 0.554,respectively,which were lower than those of control group (4.085 ± 0.504 and 4.339 ± 0.263,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant (t =6.538 and 6.528,both P ＜ 0.01).The numbers of Clostridium were 5.254 ± 0.522 and 4.471 ± 0.690,which were lower than those of control group (5.949 ± 0.505 and 4.950 ± 0.604,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant (t =5.976,P ＜ 0.0l;t =3.262,P =0.002).The number of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii from colonic lavage fluid of patients in D-IBS group was 2.238 ± 1.845,which was lower than that of control group (3.222 ± 1.450),and the difference was statistically significant (t =2.619,P =0.011).The Firmicutes (r =0.678,P =0.012),Lactobacillus (r =0.358,P =0.034),Bifidobacterium (r =0.418,P =0.042) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (r =0.568,P =0.022) from colonic mucosal tissues were all positively correlated with those from colonic lavage fluid.However,Salmonella (r =-0.638,P =0.012) and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (r =-0.343,P =0.025) were negatively correlated with those from mucosal tissues.Conclusions An imbalance of the microbiota in colonic lavage fluid is found in D-IBS patients.The numbers of Bacteriodes prevotella,Bacteroidetes,Clostridium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii significantly decrease.
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This study was to design a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) screening equipment, based on the dual-differential pressure throttling technique. The technique combined a wide range, but low-resolution ratio sensor and a narrow range, but high-resolution ratio one. It can accurately detect the indexes of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV), one second rate(FEV/FVC (%)), and achieve them in a low-cost way. The new designed machine will be compared with a British machine, named ML-3500. The correlations of FVC and FEV between new machine and ML-3500 were 0.998 and 0.999, respectively. The P values of paired test of these two indexes were over 0.05. Bland-Altman analysis of FVC, FEV and FEV/FVC (%) showed that more than 90% of the scatter points of the three parameters fell within the consistency interval. This machine can be used to accurately screen COPD and its low-cost would be advantage to promote in large population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Forced Expiratory Volume , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Diagnosis , Reproducibility of Results , Respiratory Function Tests , Economics , Tidal Volume , Vital CapacityABSTRACT
Background@#Betel quid chewing has been a major risk factor for oral cancer (OC) in southern China. This study aimed to analyze the scientific publications on the relationship between betel quid chewing and OC and construct a model to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate pertinent publications from 1998 to 2017.@*Methods@#The publications from 1998 to 2017 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Microsoft Excel, Thomson Data Analyzer, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace software were used to analyze the publication outcomes, journals, countries/regions, institutions, authors, research areas, and research frontiers.@*Results@#A total of 788 publications on the relationship between betel quid chewing and OC published until October 25, 2017, were identified. The top 4 related journals were Journal of Oral Pathology Medicine, Oral Oncology, Plos One, and International Journal of Cancer. The top five countries engaged in related research included China, India, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Malaysia. The corresponding disciplines, such as oncology, oral surgery, pathology, environmental and occupational health, and toxicology, were mainly concentrated in three disciplines. The subject terms squamous cell carcinoma, OC, betel quid, expression, oral submucous fibrosis, India, and p53 ranked first among research hotspots. The burst terms squamous cell carcinoma, OC, betel quid, and expression ranked first in research frontiers.@*Conclusions@#Research in this area emphasized hotspots such as squamous cell carcinoma, OC, oral submucosal fibrosis, betel quid, and tobacco. The annual number of publications steadily decreased from 1998 to 2017, with a lack of a systematic study from interdisciplinary perspectives, inadequate pertinent journals, limited regions with the practice of betel quid chewing, and insufficient participation of researchers, which indicate that as the prevalence of OC increases, particularly in China, research in this area warrants further expansion.
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Humans , Areca , Bibliometrics , China , Epidemiology , Malaysia , Epidemiology , Mouth Neoplasms , Epidemiology , Risk Factors , United Kingdom , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD)so as to improve the understanding of IgG4-RD in China.Methods IgG4-RD patients were recruited from Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2011 and January 2016.All patients were followedup for more than 6 months.The demographic characteristics,symptoms,organ involvements,laboratory examinations and treatment efficacy were evaluated and analyzed.Results A total of 346 patients were finally enrolled,including 230 males (66.5％) and 116 females (33.5％).The mean age of disease onset was (53.8 ± 14.2) years old.The mostly common involved organs were lymph nodes (56.4％) and submandibular glands (52.6％).Other affected organs and manifestations included:swelling of the lacrimal glands (46.5％),autoimmune pancreatitis (38.4％),pulmonary involvement (28.0％),sclerosing cholangitis (25.4％),naso-sinusitis (23.4％),parotid gland swelling (21.7％),retroperitoneal fibrosis (19.9％),large arteries involvement (9.5％),kidney involvement (obstructive nephropathy caused by retroperitoneal fibrosis was excluded) (6.9％),skin lesions (6.4％).Rare features consisted of thyroid glands,pituitary glands,gastrointestinal tract,pachymeningitis,pericardium,sclerosing mediastinitis and orchitis.The majority of patients had multi-organ involvement,such as 74.3％ patients with 3 and more,18.2％ and 7.5％ patients with 2 and single organ involvement respectively.The average IgG4-RD responder index (IgG4-RD RI) was 13.21 ±5.70.History of allergy was found in 172 (49.7％) patients.As to the laboratory tests,elevated serum IgG4 levels were confirmed in 285 (94.1％) patients,which was positively correlated with IgG4-RD RI.There were 33.5％ patients receiving monotherapy of glucocorticoid,52.6％ treated with glucocorticoids combined with immunosuppressive agents,4.9％ patients with immunosuppressant only,and 9.0％ patients with mild disease not receiving medication.The majority (336,97.1％) patients improved the above regimens.Conclusion IgG4-RD is a systemic fibro-inflammatory disease with multiple organ involvement.The mostly common involved organs include lymph node,submandibular glands,and pancreas.Glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents were effective for IgG4-RD.
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Objective To investigate the neuron protective effects of ligustilide (LIG) on cortex regions of cerebral hypoperfusion rats and the possible mechanisms of the protective effect. Methods Bilateral common carotid arteries (two-vessel occlusion, 2VO) of Sprague Dawley rats were occluded to induce the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion models. The sham-operated controls (Sham group) were not occluded. The model rats were treated with LIG (80 mg/kg, by oral) once a day from the 8th day after surgery for 21 d. The rats were sacrificed 7 d after stopping LIG treatment, and the brain tissues of rats were made into frozen sections. Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence experiments were performed. Coronal sections of the cortex were stained with cresyl violet or with antibodies for neuronal specific nuclear protein (NeuN) , microtubule associated protcin-2 (MAP-2) and cystcinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (Caspasc-3). Results The number of Nissl body and NeuN-positive cells were increased significantly in the cortex region of LIG treatment group compared with those in the model group (P
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Abnormal changes during fat formation are closely related to the prevalence of many diseases. In order to understand the formation mechanism of fat, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to characterize the morphology and mechanical properties of porcine preadipocytes during the differentiation. Preadipocytes and adipocytes were different morphologically. The surface roughness of adipocytes was less than preadipocytes by detection of the ultrastructure. The mechanical properties of preadipocytes were changed during differentiation with AFM-based force spectroscopy. Preadipocytes were 20% higher than adipocytes in the adhesion force, stiffness and Young's modulus. Therefore, AFM analysis of membrane changes related to adipocytes formation provided quantitative data in the nanometer level for further studying the formation mechanism of the adipocytes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Adipocytes , Cell Biology , Adipogenesis , Cell Differentiation , Physiology , Cells, Cultured , Microscopy, Atomic Force , SwineABSTRACT
The lower expression of CD20 antigen molecules on the B cell membrane is the primary characteristic of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). In this paper, we combined laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and quantum dots labeling to detect the expression and distribution of CD20 molecules on CD20+B lymphocyte surface. Simultaneously, we investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of the B lymphocytes that belonged to the normal persons and B-CLL patients through utilizing the atomic force microscope (AFM). In addition, we measured the force spectroscopy of CD20 antigen-antibody binding using the AFM tips modified with CD20 antibody. The fluorescent images indicated that the density of CD20 of normal CD20+B lymphocytes was much higher than that of B-CLL CD20+B cells. The AFM data show that ultrastructure of B-CLL CD20+B lymphocytes became more complicated. Moreover, the single molecular force spectroscopy data show that the special force of CD20 antigen-antibody was four times bigger than the nonspecific force between the naked AFM tip and cell surface. The force map showed that CD20 molecules distributed homogeneously on the normal CD20+B lymphocytes, whereas, the CD20 molecules distributed heterogenous on B-CLL CD20+B lymphocytes. Our data provide visualized evidence for the phenomenon of low-response to rituximab therapy on clinical. Meanwhile, AFM is possible to be a powerful tool for development and screening of drugs for pharmacology use.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antigen-Antibody Reactions , Allergy and Immunology , Antigens, CD20 , Allergy and Immunology , B-Lymphocytes , Allergy and Immunology , Binding Sites, Antibody , Cell Membrane , Allergy and Immunology , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell , Allergy and Immunology , Microscopy, Atomic Force , Microscopy, Confocal , Quantum DotsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discover the characteristic changes of metabolic profiles in C57 mice with cyclophosphamide induced blood deficiency and the effect of Siwutang.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>An integrated metabonomic study using high-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been applied to investigate the metabolic profiles of serum, aqueous and lipidic extracts of thoracic gland, spleen, bone marrow obtained from control, model group (intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 250 mg x kg(-1)) and Siwutang treated model group. The NMR spectra were integrated in segments of 0.04 ppm and then analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) using SIMCA-P software to visualize the similarities and differences in metabolic profiles between these groups.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>PCA result showed conspicuous difference in the metabolic profiles between groups. Compared with the control group, the model group contained lower concentration of lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, choline, glucose, and higher concentration of VLDL/LDL, leucine/isoleucine in serum. Lower concentration of taurine choline, Fbeta:RCH2CH2CO, Epi-coprostanol and lactate were found in both in thoracic gland extracts and spleen extracts. And in spleen extracts, we also found the lower concentration of 3-HB. In the extracts of bone marrow, the lower concentration of lactate, choline, glucosee were observed. When they were dosed with Siwutang 10 g x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 7 days, the effects above-mentioned were reversed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The injury established by injecting CTX is a kind of proper model to develop further metabonomics researches. The damage of mitochondria, disorder of energy metabolism and osmoregulation are observed in cyclophosphamide caused blood deficiency model by NMR-based-metabonomics method, and the Siwutang can improve these effects.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Anemia , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Cyclophosphamide , Toxicity , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Methods , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Metabolomics , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Paeonia , Principal Component AnalysisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Breast augmentation with polyacrylamide hydrogel injection has been used nearly for a decade in some Chinese medical therapy units. More patients need to be removing injections or a second augmentation due to complications. More attention should be paid for possibility of complications concomitant with breast malignant tumor. OBJECTIVE: Two cases of breast invasive duct carcinoma diagnosed after removing injection were analyzed retrospectively in order to increase the importance of detection rate of breast malignant tumor. METHODS: Two cases in all 41 assembled patients which were removed polyacrylamide hydrogel injections from 82 breasts were diagnosed with invasive carcinoma. The characteristics of medical history, physical diagnosis, image diagnosis and pathological examination were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The detection rate of breast malignant tumor should arise more attention in patients requiring removal of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection. The following aspects should be emphasized such as the comprehensive analysis for the results of physical diagnosis and image diagnosis, tumor-free operation with more samples from suspicious nodules and frozen pathological examination. The principles of cancer surgery should be followed in pathological diagnosed cases in case of iatrogenic metastasis and spread of breast malignant tumor.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the essence of blood deficiency syndrome and the mechanism of the effects of siwutang based on the characteristic changes in metabolic profiles of C57 mice with blood deficiency induced by compound method of bleeding, starved feeding and exhausting before and after the treatment of Siwutang.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Thirty C57 mice were randomly divided into three groups of 10 animals: the control group and two blood deficiency model groups without or with siwutang treatment. The animals were sacrificed after induction by compound method of bleeding,starved feeding and exhausting for 10 days and the blood, spleen, thymus and bone marrow were obtained. The metabolic profiles of serum, aqueous and lipidic extracts of thymus, spleen and bone marrow were investigated using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The NMR spectra were integrated in segments of 0.01, normalized and then analyzed using SIMCA-P software to visualize the similarities and differences in metabolic profiles between these groups.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the control group, the model group contained different levels of lactate, choline, glucose, taurine, alanine, LDL, glycerin, UFA, creatinine, acetoacetate, glutamate and beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-HB). In the Siwutang treated group, the above-mentioned changes were reversed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The disorder of energy metabolism, damage of lymphocyte, and disorder of immune function were observed in blood deficiency model by NMR-based-metabonomics method, and the Siwutang can improve these effects. Metabonomics may be a valuable tool in the pharmacological evaluation of siwutang.</p>
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Animals , Humans , Mice , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Hemorrhage , Drug Therapy , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Metabolomics , Random Allocation , Serum , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the ultrasonographic manifestations of the wrestler's ear.Methods Fifteen healthy volunteers and 12 wrestlers and judokas underwent sonography on ears of both sides. Results The appearance of the wrestlei's ear was the thick auricle,wrestlers hydrocele,increasing of color Doppler signals and conchal cartilage injury. There was significant difference between the average auricular thickness of athletes[(0.95±0.41)cm]and that of volunteers[(0.41±0.07)cm,t=7.06,P＜0.(11].Conclusions The ultrasonographic appearance of the wrestler's ear is characteristic.It is significant of ultrasonography to be used in the evaluation of diagnosis and therapy.
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<p><b>AIM</b>To study the pharmacokinetic (PK) properties in rabbits treated with N-Ile(1)-Thr(2)-63-desulfato-r-hirudin (rH) newly developed in China by means of bioassay in order to provide preclinical experiment basis for its development as a novel anticoagulant agent.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>rH plasma concentration was determined using bioassay based on ex vivo antithrombin activity of rH. Normal rabbits received iv rH 4.0, 2.0 and 1.0 mg/kg or sc rH 2.0 mg/kg, respectively. The rabbits with acute severe renal failure were given iv rH 2.0 mg/kg.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The bioassay described in this paper met requirements for study of PK in rabbits. The major PK parameters after iv dosing were as follows: t(1/2beta) 58.4-59 min. V(d) 0.09-0.12 L/kg, CL 0.0035-0.0040 L/(kg.min); AUC were proportional to the doses, t(1/2) and CL did not change significantly with the doses. The sc bioavailability reached 94%. The rabbits suffering from acute severe renal failure presented 11-fold longer t(1/2beta) and 13-fold greater AUC than normal healthy rabbits.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>rH exhibited rapid elimination, distribution was only limited to extracellular space and good absorption from sc site. The excretion of rH by kidneys played a very important role in the elimination of rH. The PK of rH could be described by the two- and one-compartment model after iv and sc dosing, respectively, and followed linear kinetics.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Algorithms , Biological Assay , Methods , Computer Simulation , Hirudins , Blood , Pharmacokinetics , Metabolic Clearance Rate , Models, Biological , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Thrombin Time , MethodsABSTRACT
A new hydrophobic absorbent based on homemade highly cross-linked agarose beads was synthesized by immobilizing butyl derivative onto the matrix linkage. The density of ligand was controlled by adjusting the concentration of butanethiol and the synthesis route was optimized by evaluating the purification efficiency of recombinant Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expressed by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. A high performance absorbent was finally screened out with up to 80% of HBsAg recovery and purification-fold (PF) about 20. Furthermore, the column pressure was about 0.06 MPa under the flow rate of 500cm/h, and no leaked butyl were detected after exposing the gel in common buffers, chaotropic agents, high concentrations of denaturing agents such as guanidine hydrochloride, urea and polar organic solvents. These results demonstrated that the absorbent have high physico-chemical stability, so it was available for the downstream process. Finally, after scaled up to 2L wet gel/batch, the absorbent was applied to the integration of three-step chromatography and obtained the purified CHO-HBsAg with 95% purity by SDS-PAGE and HPLC, which meet the requirements of SFDA. The purification efficiency and the reproducible ability of the absorbents were also evaluated from batch-to-batch. The results demonstrated that the absorbent met the requirement of scalable, reproducible, economic effect as well. This absorbent is a promising alternative exported HIC gel for wildly being used in Chinese pharmaceutical industries.
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Animals , Cricetinae , Humans , CHO Cells , Chromatography, Agarose , Methods , Cricetulus , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Genetics , Recombinant Proteins , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects of developmental lateral jaw deformity (DLJD) on masticatory movement.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three coordinates of mandibular movement signals were recorded in 35 young healthy adults with normal occlusion and 28 patients with DLJD by means of a Sirognathography System during gum chewing movement. Paired and unpaired t-tests were used to compare significant difference of intra-group and inter-groups in displacement and speed. P < 0.05 was chosen as significance level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The rhythm and directional sequence of chewing trajectory in both frontal and sagittal planes were normal in control group, while anomalies of rhythm and distribution (n = 9) and reversed sequencing (n = 7) were found in DLJD group. (2) The maximum magnitude of jaw retrusion and average speed were significant higher in DLJD group than those in control group (P < 0.01). The spatial displacement and average speed in horizontal plane and in chewing phase were also higher in DLJD group compared with control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DLJD patients showed anomalies in chewing pattern as well as chewing speed and displacement in horizontal plane.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Case-Control Studies , Dentition, Permanent , Jaw Abnormalities , Jaw Relation Record , Mandible , Physiology , Mastication , PhysiologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>PPTA and c-fos mRNA expression were detected in dog caudalis subnucleus of trigeminal spinal tract nucleus (VC) induced by trauma occlusion in order to investigate orofacial pain mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The occlusal surface of the first and second maxillary right molars in 15 dogs were unilaterally raised 1.5 mm with casting Ni-Cr inlay which were fixed in Class I hole. On days 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 after teeth operation, the VC of right and left sides were removed. PPTA and c-fos mRNAs were detected in experimental and control groups with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The basal levels of PPTA and c-fos mRNAs were extremely low and poorly detectable in VC in control animals. (2) The expression of PPTA mRNA in VC of traumatic side was up regulated from 3 days after inlay was fixed in molar and reached peak level during 14 to 30 days and then down-regulated gradually and no significant difference was noted between 60 days group and control group. (3) c-fos mRNA expression was more intense during 3 to 7 days compared with the control group but undetectable in the other experimental period. (4) Both PPTA and c-fos mRNAs expression in VC of trauma occlusal side were more intense than that in the contralateral side.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The present results show that both PPTA and c-fos mRNA expression are elevated in dog's VC induced by traumatic occlusion. The primary afferent terminal of orofacial area is sensitized, which suggest one kind of mechanism of orofacial pain in the condition of traumatic occlusion.</p>